Growth performance and nutrient utilization of post fingerlings Clarias gariepinus fed varied levels of biscuit waste

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of biscuit waste meal on the growth performance and utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A total of 300 juveniles of average weight 8.85g were randomly divided into 5 Treatments, each with three replicates. Twenty juveniles were distributed into fifteen happas (0.7m3) and each happa was suspended to 3/4 of its volume using kuralon ropes carefully tied round the bamboo poles across the concrete tanks. Five diets containing 40% crude protein were formulated in which maize was replaced with biscuit waste meal at Treatment diet 1 (TD1) 0%, 25% (TD2), 50% (TD3), 75% (TD4), 100% (TD5) levels.The juveniles were fed at 3% body weight per day for 10 weeks. It was recorded at the end of the experiment that biscuit waste was most suitable as an energy supplement when incorporated at 25% replacement (TD2) with maize. TD1 had the highest weight gain followed by TD2, TD3, TD4 and TD5 respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the growth response in TD1 (0%), T0D (25%) and TD3 (50%). It is therefore concluded that biscuit waste meal is a cheap source of non conventional energy source which can be used favorably to replace maize (25% inclusion level) as an energy source in the diets of Clarias gariepinus

Needs of Service Identification for Service-Oriented Business Process Management

Since the trend of adopting SOA into enterprise applications, the needs for definition and identification of services have been recognized. There is a growing body of research carried out on the identification of different types of services. Identifying right granularity services is important: if the service is of large size, it goes against the reusability principle of SOA, whereas if the service is of small size, then it causes unnecessary computing power for implementing any business functions. Without a formal (semi)- automatic approach to identify services, it is difficult in migrating existing systems into service-oriented systems. This paper explores the need for service identification for service-oriented business process management systems. The current approaches, techniques and methods of service identification are reviewed, and limitations of the each approach is analysed. New requirements and techniques are demonstrated in creating improved dynamic services with consideration for interoperability, modularity, reusability within information environment

Protein profile expression of Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrids in Southwest Nigeria

Proper genetic characterization would help in the selection of suitable strains for aquaculture that could lead to production of varieties of fishes to alleviate the problem of short supply of fast growing quality fish seeds. The study was aimed at analyzing the muscle protein profiles of Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrids. Sixteen juveniles fish samples (comprising four samples from each mating combinations) artificially propagated and reared for sixteen weeks were analyzed electrophoreti cally. The separation of the different polypeptides of C. gariepinus, H. bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrid were carried out using 12% Sodium dodecyl, sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (JD SDS-PAGE). The relative concentration of individual protein bands were analyzed using Total LabTM ID software. The individual protein bands in the electrophoregram were identified in relation to their molecular weights. The gel images obtained after electrophoresis were scored and subjected to cluster analysis. The lst, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and l1th bands were detected across all mating combinations. The 5th band with molecular weight (78.58 distinguishes C. gariepinus from H. bidorsalis while the 6th band with molecular weight (54.41 KDa) distincts the reciprocal hybrid Clariabranchus from Heteroclarias. The 7th and 12th bands distinguished the pure breeds from the hybrids. The 7th band was present in both hybrids-Clariabranchus (49.50 KDa) and Heteroclarias (49.77 KDa) species but absent in the pure breeds while 12th was present in the pure breeds-C. gariepinus (19.92 KDa) and H. bidorsalis (20.29 KDa) but absent in the hybrids. The cluster analysis shows a high level of genetic similarity among the mating combinations which affirms the already established monophylogenetic relatedness among the species

Service identification requirements for enterprise information systems

Identifying services is one of the most important step in developing service-oriented business systems. Existing service identification methods still have some shortcomings, e.g. unrepeatable approach, inapplicable to all enterprise information systems and unadaptable to business factor change. Some approaches focus on fixed cases or certain types of organizations neglecting the change of involvement and operation of the enterprise systems, which have limited value to apply to a broad range of real-life business cases In this paper, we investigate requirements of service identification from different types of information systems, from single systems to collaborative systems, from closed systems to open systems. The research is important for providing a solid foundation for further identifying services for developing different service-oriented system

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and soft cheese (wara) sold in Abeokuta, Nigeria

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in farm animals, their environment and food of animal origins is of significant potential public health importance. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important opportunistic pathogen both in humans and in cattle. A total of 200 samples comprising of 100 each of raw milk and wara were collected from five different locations in Abeokuta, Ogun State. The samples were examined using standard bacteriological methods for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus species including MRSA. Latex agglutination test of Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) was used to further confirmed MRSA isolates. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by Kirby Bauer diffusion method. In all, S. aureus was detected in 52 (26%) of 200 samples of which 50 were confirmed as MRSA and two were Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Out of 50 MRSA isolates, 15 (15%) were from 100 raw milk and 35 (35%) were from 100 wara samples. The two MSSA isolates were from raw milk. The Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk showed high resistance to ceftazidime 17 (100%), ampicillin 16 (94.1%), doxycycline 11 (64.7%), tetracycline 17 (100%), oxacillin 15 (88.2%), augmentin 17 (100%), gentamycin 15 (88.2%), colistin 15 (88.2%), and sulphamethoxazole 16 (94.1%). Isolates from wara were resistant to ceftazidime 35 (100.0%), ampicillin 35 (100%), doxycycline 15 (42.9%), tetracycline 23 (65.7%), oxacillin 35 (100.0%), streptomycin 20 (57.1%), augmentin 33 (94.3%), gentamycin 17 (48.6%), colistin 35 (100%), and sulphamethoxazole 27 (77.1%). The presence of MRSA in the raw cow milk and wara sold in Abeokuta may be due to overdependence on antibiotics in cattle production. Contamination along processing and marketing chain of wara due to unhygienic practices could also contribute to the presence of MRSA in the product. This constitutes a potential public health risk to consumers of milk and milk products in Abeokuta.Keywords: Antibiotics, Milk, MRSA, Resistance, Soft cheese, Unhygieni

External validation and recalibration of an incidental meningioma prognostic model - IMPACT: protocol for an international multicentre retrospective cohort study

Introduction: Due to the increased use of CT and MRI, the prevalence of incidental findings on brain scans is increasing. Meningioma, the most common primary brain tumour, is a frequently encountered incidental finding, with an estimated prevalence of 3/1000. The management of incidental meningioma varies widely with active clinical-radiological monitoring being the most accepted method by clinicians. Duration of monitoring and time intervals for assessment, however, are not well defined. To this end, we have recently developed a statistical model of progression risk based on single-centre retrospective data. The model Incidental Meningioma: Prognostic Analysis Using Patient Comorbidity and MRI Tests (IMPACT) employs baseline clinical and imaging features to categorise the patient with an incidental meningioma into one of three risk groups: low, medium and high risk with a proposed active monitoring strategy based on the risk and temporal trajectory of progression, accounting for actuarial life expectancy. The primary aim of this study is to assess the external validity of this model. Methods and analysis: IMPACT is a retrospective multicentre study which will aim to include 1500 patients with an incidental intracranial meningioma, powered to detect a 10% progression risk. Adult patients ≥16 years diagnosed with an incidental meningioma between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010 will be included. Clinical and radiological data will be collected longitudinally until the patient reaches one of the study endpoints: intervention (surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated radiotherapy), mortality or last date of follow-up. Data will be uploaded to an online Research Electronic Data Capture database with no unique identifiers. External validity of IMPACT will be tested using established statistical methods. Ethics and dissemination: Local institutional approval at each participating centre will be required. Results of the study will be reported through peer-reviewed articles and conferences and disseminated to participating centres, patients and the public using social media